“Mitochondria are critical for cellular health regulation and disease progression. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, and inflammation are hallmarks of many degenerative diseases, including ocular conditions such as ROP, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and diabetic macular edema (DME).

Dysfunction at the mitochondrial level limits cellular energy (ATP) production, increases the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and propagates apoptotic pathways. Mitochondrial repair and attenuation of oxidative stress are key to the survival of the retina. 

The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of PBM therapy is well-established. The underlying biological mechanisms of PBM therapy are complex and multidimensional but the growing scientific and clinical evidence demonstrating positive clinical findings in ocular disease has strengthened the use of PBM as a treatment approach for ocular disease and damage.”