Dermatology
Photobiomodulation (PBM), synonymous with low-level light (laser) therapy (LLLT) has gained traction as a noninvasive therapy for skin rejuvenation, including treatment of facial rhytids, dyschromia’s, and acne vulgaris; wound healing including scar management; body contouring (either alone or as a means of enhancing the removal of fat during liposculpture); and androgenic alopecia. The therapeutic potential of PBM is becoming generally accepted as clinical trial data continues to provide evidence of efficacy and safety.
Infectious disease
Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy, also known as low-level laser therapy, is a widely studied non-invasive method with anti inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Currently, the leading hypothesis to explain how PBM works proposes that mitochondrial cytochrome coxidase (CCO) is its primary target.
According to the hypothesis, the mitochondrial CCO absorbs near infrared photons and releases nitricoxide (NO) to relieve the inhibitory effects of NO on CCO activity.
The displacement of inhibitory NO promotes the efficiency of the electron transport chain and alleviates the release of reactive oxygen species, followed by decreased oxidative damage and inflammation.
PBM treatment significantly preserves mitochondrial function, neuronal hemoglobin, and intraneuronal oxygen homeostasis.
Nephrology
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing global public health
problem. The implementation of evidence-based clinical practices
only defers the development of kidney failure.
Death, transplantation, or dialysis are the consequences of kidney failure, resulting in a significant burden on the health system.
PBM has been shown over decades to be a patient-directed, adjunctive,
effective, non-invasive, and safe treatment option to mitigate
mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammatory
conditions, and, more recently, gut microbiota dysbiosis, which are all primary contributors to CKD.
Notably, several studies have demonstrated a positive effect of
PBM in different models of kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, glomerulonephritis, and metabolic syndrome-related kidney injury.
Male infertility & Erectile Dysfunction
The leading factors that cause male infertility are urogenital
infections, disorders of the immune system, testicular and prostate
pathology, as well as endocrine disorders.
Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is a very effective physical therapy
method, used in many areas of medicine, including obstetrics and
gynaecology, andrology and urology; and it is recommended as
an integral part of the complex treatment of infertility.
Laser can significantly improve the survival, motility and speed of
movement of spermatozoa. Laser therapy of patients with prostatitis
and vesiculitis can eliminate infiltrative-exudative changes,
improve reproductive and copulatory functions.
Vaginal Rejuvenation
Vaginal rejuvenation has been popped up recently due to the
increase in life expectancy and the search for a better quality of life.
Nowadays, women live one-third of their lives after menopause,
demanding efforts to keep their sexual life up to their body and
mind’s health.
Advances in laser therapy have made this possible,
reversing vulvovaginal atrophy and its symptoms, known as genitourinary syndrome of menopause, including vaginal
dryness, dyspareunia, decrease in sexual arousal and orgasm, stress
urinary incontinence, and vaginal bleeding. Carbon dioxide laser (CO2)
and the erbium laser (Er:YAG) are the most common lasers used for
female rejuvenation.
They promote neocollagenesis and neovascularization in the
connective tissue of the vaginal wall, as well as recover the mucosal
epithelium, restoring lubrication and elasticity of vaginal walls.
Breast Reduction
Laser-assisted breast reduction surgery, while not a widely utilized
technique, has a number of traits that make it a viable alternative to standard scalpel or scissor deepithelialization.
As mentioned previously, these traits include essentially bloodless
deepithelialization, predictable preservation of the subdermal
vascular plexus, a firm dermal leash, and the ability to deepithelialize without the need for assistance or taut immobilization of the breasts.
Complication rates for our series of patients who underwent laser
assisted breast reduction surgery were consistent with those reported for non–laser-assisted procedures.
These results, combined with the benefits and efficient operating time afforded by laser deepithelialization, indicate that laser-assisted breast
reduction surgery can provide an alternative to standard methods of deepithelialization.
Obesity
Laser phototherapy is an irradiation approach to the blood that has been used to handle many rheological, neurological, and metabolic cases by enhancing lipoprotein lipase manufacturing, vasodilator release, and microcirculation improvement, additionally reducing the risk of metabolic complications and obesity related comorbidities through boosting anti-inflammatory mediators, reduction in fat deposits, and lower serum lipids.